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Joints

Joint of the Lower Limb:

  • Sacroiliac joint

  • Hip joint

  • Knee joint

  • Tibiofibular joints

  • Ankle joint

  • Foot joints

  • Arches of foot

Sacroiliac Joint

 

  • Synovial plane joint

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ligaments of sacroiliac joint:

  • Sacrospinous ligament

  • Sacrotuberous ligament

 

Forming:

  • Greater sciatic foramen

  • Lesser sciatic foramen

Hip Joint

 

  • Synovial ball and socket joint

 

Acetabular labrum increases depth of acetabulum.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ligaments of hip joint:

  • Iliofemoral ligament

  • Pubofemoral ligament

  • Ischiofemoral ligament

 

 

Movement of hip joint:

  • Flexion- iliacus, psoas major/minor, pectineus, rectus femoris, sartorius

  • Extension- gluteus maximus, hamstrings (semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris), adductor magnus

  • Abduction- gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae

  • Adduction- pectineus, gracilis, adductor magnus/longus/brevis, obturator externus

  • Medial/internal rotation- gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae

  • Lateral/external rotation- guteus maximus, piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris, obturator externus, sartorius 

  • Circumduction

Knee Joint

 

  • Synovial hinge joint

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The knee joint has menisci:

  • Lateral meniscus

  • Medial meniscus

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bursae in the knee:

  • Suprapatellar bursa

  • Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa

  • Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa 

  • Deep infrapatellar bursa 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Collateral ligaments:

  • Medial/tibial collateral ligament

  • Lateral/fibular collateral ligament

 

Cruciate ligaments:

  • Anterior cruciate ligament

    • Prevent femur sliding posteriorly on tibia (hyperextension)

  • Posterior cruciate ligament

    • Prevent femur sliding anteriorly on tibia (hyperflexion)

 

 

Movement of knee joint:

  • Flexion- hamstrings, sartorius, popliteus, gastrocnemius

  • Extension- quadriceps femoris

  • Medial/internal rotation

  • Lateral/external rotation

Ankle Joint

 

  • Synovial hinge joint

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ligaments of ankle joint:

  • Medial/deltoid ligament of ankle joint

  • Lateral ligament of ankle joint

 

 

Movement of ankle joint:

  • DorsiFlexion- tibialis anterior, extensor halluces longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius

  • PlantarFlexion- gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis posterior, popliteus, flexor halluces longus, flexor digitorum longus, fibularis brevis/tertius

  • Inversion- tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior

  • Eversion- fibularis tertius/brevis/longus

Foot Joints

 

  • Tarso-metatarsal joints

  • Metatarso-phalangeal joints (MPJs)

  • Proximal interphalangeal joints (PIPJs)

  • Distal interphalangeal joints (DIPJs)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Movement of toe joint:

  • Flexion- flexor halluces longus/brevis & flexor digitorum longus/brevisbularis tertius

  • Extension- extensor halluces longus/brevis & extensor digitorum longus/brevis

 

DABPAD

DAB- Dorsal interossei ABduct

PAD- Palmar interossei ADuct

Tibio-Fibular Joints

 

  • Superior/proximal tibio-fibular joint is a synovial plane joint

  • Inferior/distal tibio-fibular joint is a fibrous syndesmosis joint

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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